AIS-SART and SART are advanced rescue devices that are integral parts of the GMDSS (Global Maritime Distress and Safety System), in accordance with international IMO and SOLAS standards. These devices are essential in emergency situations as they enable the rapid location of people in danger. This article will discuss in detail their design, functions, applications, and testing procedures using JOTRON devices, adding practical aspects of their daily use.

Definition and Operation

Tron AIS-SART is a transmitter that uses the AIS (Automatic Identification System) to send location signals. This device operates on VHF frequencies 161.975 MHz and 162.025 MHz and is equipped with a GPS module, providing precise location data. It is used to convey the position of a life raft or ship in emergency situations, enabling rapid response from rescue units.
Tron SART20 is a radar transponder operating in the X-Band (9.2–9.5 GHz). It emits radar signals that are picked up by ship or aviation radars, allowing for quick localization of the signal source. Unlike AIS-SART, it works directly with radars, not with AIS systems.

Construction and Functions

Both devices not only look almost identical, but their maintenance is also very similar.

  • Transmitting Module: In AIS-SART, it is responsible for sending AIS signals with GPS data, sent approximately every 30 seconds. In contrast, SART20 emits radar signals visible on X-band radars.
  • Battery Module: Both devices are powered by two lithium batteries, providing up to 96 hours of operating time in transmission mode for AIS-SART and up to 96 hours of standby or 8 hours of active operation for SART20.
  • LED Indicators: In AIS-SART, a green light indicates proper operation, and a red light indicates errors. SART20 is equipped with a single LED that indicates device activation.
  • Housing: Resistant to water, oil, and UV radiation, equipped with brackets for mounting on life rafts. Both devices can be additionally equipped with a telescopic mast, which allows for increased signal height.

Maintenance

  • Monthly: Both the device and the bracket should be inspected. The unit should be removed from the bracket and tested as described above.
  • Every 5 years: Long-term storage of a battery reduces its capacity. To ensure long and reliable operation, the battery unit must be replaced every 5 years. Battery replacement can be performed on board without specialized tools.

Testing the Devices

Tron AIS-SART:

  • Preparation: Conduct the test in an open area with a clear view of the sky, which is essential for optimal reception of GPS signals.
  • Activation of Test Mode: Move the switch to the TEST position and hold it until both LEDs (green and red) start flashing.
  • Monitoring LED Signals: The green LED remains lit steadily if the test is successful, the red flashes in the event of a failure.
  • Sound Signal: A regular sound signal is emitted during the test. Regardless of the result, it ends with a 15-second sound signal.
  • Verification on AIS or ECDIS: After a successful test, check if the ‘AIS TEST’ message with the correct ID CODE appears on the AIS or ECDIS device.

Tron SART20:

  • Test Location: Perform the test on the open sea to avoid radar interference from land.
  • Activation of Test Mode: Switch the device to TEST position, holding the button until the device starts its self-test.
  • Signal Observation: Signals should appear on the radar screen as rings or dots, varying according to the distance of the device from the radar.
  • Test Conclusion: After observing and confirming the proper operation of the signals, turn off the device by moving the switch back to the OFF position.

Conclusion

Tron AIS-SART and Tron SART20 are indispensable tools in maritime rescue, invaluable to any maritime fleet. Their advanced technology, compliance with international standards, and reliability make them key components of the GMDSS system. Regular testing and proper maintenance are essential to ensure their effectiveness in emergencies. Combined with an EPIRB, these devices maximize the crew’s chances of survival in the most challenging maritime conditions, making them invaluable in any fleet.
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